Information technology students as forerunners in Tampere University of Applied Sciences
Workers' cooperative motivates students in many ways
A
workers' cooperation for information technology students called
Tki-Verstas was established in 2011 for product development and
innovations at Tampere University of Applied Sciences, TAMK.
Since then, it has received over 70 assignments from companies in the
field of information technology. Every assignment has been included as
part of a learner's information technology studies. This has resulted
in an excellent, motivating system for both students and clients to
cooperate and connect ongoing studies with paid work. (23.6.2014)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Innovations have evolved into business ventures at
Tampere University of Applied Sciences
Ending financial support begins to complicate the
development of ideas
Tampere
University of Applied Sciences, TAMK, has developed a good support
procedure to evaluate and advance new ideas by its students and staff.
It has helped to establish more than ten new enterprises, and many new
innovations have been licenced. However, innovation activities at
universities of applied sciences are in danger of deteriorating
considerably, since the current external funding to innovation services
ends next year.(13.2.2014)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Strong support for inventions from Tampere University of
Applied Sciences
Building outdoor terrace and walls coated by slates
takes only one day
Tampere
University of Applied Sciences has had a key role in developing an
unforeseen technique to build slate surfaces both indoors and outdoors.
This method is based on predesigned, ready-made reinforced concrete
elements coated with slates and other natural stones. Using elements
raises the quality of coatings distinctly higher, as it eliminates the
traditional risks of building stone by stone on the spot.(15.1.2014)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Urban Agriculture Inventors Meet in UNIPOLI Tampere
Vertical Pocket Rack for Growing Plants Saves Space
The
innovation service of Tampere University of Applied Sciences and the
entrepreneur service of Tampere University of Technology brought
together in UNIPOLI, as third participant University of Tampere,
inventors interested in urban agriculture of those three universities.
This co-operation resulted in a 1,5 metres high, vertical rack of plant
po(cke)ts. It can be used to grow different lettuces, herbs and other
plants, such as sweet peppers. Several pocket racks form a wide
indoors plantation which can be put together next to walls or windows. (27.8.2013)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
New ventures emerged from ideas developed at Tampere
University of Applied Sciences
Innovation services invigorate degree programmes
Business
ideas developed at Tampere University of Applied Sciences (TAMK) have
generated a substantial number of new business ventures in recent
years. Eleven of 178 business concepts discussed in 2006–2012 have led
to commercial trade. In January 2013, students have introduced as many
as seven new innovative ideas to the concept development process of
TAMK. (14.2.2013)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Making working in plastics and rubber more familiar in
comprehensive schools
Plastics and rubber offer all kinds of job
opportunities
Nowadays
the application options for plastics and rubber are amazing.
Entrepreneurs in plastics and rubber and vocational instructors have
determined to make this field more familiar so that the industry can
secure the skilled workers it needs. Young people just finishing
comprehensive school and those in upper secondary school and their
teachers and counselors, teachers in adult education and employment
administration personnel – all need to know more. (9.3.2012)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Increase
in aids for the elderly demands new expertise
1.9 million Euro wellbeing technology learning
environment for Sastamala
Municipal residential care homes are on their way out and
support is coming for the elderly to live longer in their own
homes. In the future elderly people and others in need of
assistance in the home will also be acquiring more aids and services
independently. The design, manufacture, maintenance, calibration
and repair of such aids will increase enormously, which implies a
corresponding increase in the need for expertise among workers in the
social and technology fields. (10.11.2011)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
The
Sastamala area strengthens its top expertise
From by-products of arable cultivation to completely
recyclable raw material for reinforcing plastic
Sastamalan koulutuskuntayhtymä is leading a development
project on which a new learning environment is being created for
learning to manufacture plastics reinforced with natural fibres.
The content of the totally new field of education is taking shape on
the project which is also experimentally producing recyclable raw
material for plastic reinforcement from local straw and oil
plants. New enterprises can still join the project, which is set
to run until the end of 2012. (8.12.2010)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
New
e-Learning materials to improve mathematical logic abilities of
students and workers
Tampere University of Applied Sciences (TAMK) is leading an
international team developing learning materials in the field of
mathematical logic and based on real-life applications of mathematical
logic. The materials will be published and used throughout the
EU. (7.12.2010)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Tampere
University of Applied Sciences responds to the needs of industry
International courses in measurement and control
technology
Tampere University of Applied Sciences (TAMK) in
collaboration with three foreign universities has developed new courses
in electronic measurement and control technology. On these students can
practice in international co-operation, notably the technical systems
developed for systems control and measurement. The development work was
funded mainly by the EU Lifelong Learning Programme. (2.12.2010)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Tampere
University of Applied Sciences leads development work
Well-being tourism to attract people to the Tampere
Region
A development project of Tampere University of Applied
Sciences has created major impetus for the development of the northern
Tampere Region as a well-being tourism destination, even
internationally. Local enterprises offering nature and culture
services, Metsähallitus (a state enterprise administering
state-owned land and water areas) and experts in tourism and well-being
at Tampere University of Applied Sciences have arrived at a common
vision to make well-being tourism a major occupation in the area. (23.6.2010)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
TAMK
University of Applied Sciences in co-operation with Germany, the Czech
Republic and Estonia
Studying automation and German language on an
integrated web-based course
TAMK University of Applied Sciences is leading international
co-operation in the creation of a new kind of course in technology and
German language. This entails the basics of automation technology
hands-on through the medium of German. The project, entitled Automation
Technology and German as an On-Line Course
(“Automatisierungstechnik und Deutsch als Online-Kurs”, the
ADOK Project), is mostly funded by the LifeLongLearning Program
of EU. (28.5.2010)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Demand in China for expertise
in wood construction
An energy-efficient building by TAMK University of
Applied Sciences for a Chinese megapolis
TAMK University of Applied Sciences has exported Finnish
expertise in wood construction to China. Last year TAMK built a
two-storey detached house with a surface area of 230 square metres for
the 8-million inhabitant university city of Shenyang. (8.4.2010)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
TAMK
University of Applied Sciences designs health information, visuality
and music into a health game for young people
TAMK University of Applied Sciences (TAMK) has designed and
produced a game for teens incorporating health information, visual
appeal and music. The game encourages young people to be sociable and
take exercise. Progress in the game requires positive health choices
and responses from the game figures manipulated in play. The Department
of Computer Sciences at the University of Tampere was in charge of the
development work on the health game. (18.2.2010)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
New
learning material for adult students of the retail trade
Expertise increases alongside work through eLearning
As a part of an international co-operation project, eLearning
materials have been created for adults working in the retail trade.
TAMK University of Applied Sciences was involved in the design of the
materials as an expert in adult education and on-line education. The
partners included two Icelandic and one Scottish educational
institution and the work was mostly financed by the EU Leonardo da
Vinci transfer of innovation programme.(18.12.2009)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
The needs
of working life are changing faster and faster
University students need to learn more and more during
their on-the-job training
According to a survey by TAMK University of Applied Sciences
(TAMK) there is a need for more cooperation between universities and
workplaces regarding students’ on-the-job training. This way the
students’ professional growth can gain strength and employers can
get competent workforce for tasks which are changing faster and faster.
The survey was funded by the Ministry of Education, Finland and the
European Social Fund.
(30.11.2009)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
An
up-to-date learning environment for training in timber procurement
TAMK University of Applied Sciences to teach the whole
picture of timber procurement
TAMK
University of Applied Sciences is developing a unique learning
environment which teaches students about the entire complex chain in
timber procurement. This is to help forestry students and professionals
to achieve a better conception of the significant factors contributing
to the chain of timber procurement. The learning environment briefs its
user on the various perspectives of forestry actors – the seller,
the forestry white-collar worker, the subcontractor and the wood
processor.
(26.6.2009)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
The
universities of applied sciences compared their activities in research
and development in Western Europe.
Research and development carry less weight in Finland
TThe
Pirkanmaa, Seinäjoki, TAMK Universities of Applied Sciences and
the Swedish-speaking Novia Polytechnic operating in Vaasa have
established in a comparative study that the conditions for R & D in
the Finnish polytechnics are weaker than in comparable institutions in
Western Europe. Several European polytechnics are currently
clarifying their objectives in R & D; in Finland the polytechnics
moreover anticipate new forms of financing supporting regional
co-operation with business life.
(22.6.2009)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
A
prize-winning idea on trial
Technical implementation for the open innovation bank
from Tampere
The
open innovation bank developed under the leadership of TAMK University
of Applied Sciences is now being tried out and is to be further
developed. The innovation bank is open to all; an interactive databank
intended for various innovative ideas, problems, proposed solutions and
future information. Last year the innovation bank was awarded the
Konsta Prize for an invention and promising Finnish success story.
(18.6.2009)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Research
by TAMK University of Applied Sciences and the Finnish Museum of
Photography:
Photographic art achieved appreciation in Finland
through internationalization
Many
Finnish photographers with international success have achieved fame in
Finland “via foreign countries”. Likewise Finnish
photographic art has begun to be increasingly defined through
internationalization. Nevertheless photographic art has mostly imparted
a traditional image of Finnishness.
(26.2.2009)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Major
energy savings sought in market gardens
A curtain of light between the rows of plants to
replace high-energy lamps
TAMK
University of Applied Sciences in the City of Tampere (Finland) has
developed a unique lighting method intended for use in commercial
greenhouses. Here the light required by the plants is produced by means
of LED technology between the rows of plants. It is estimated that in
the future the method will achieve savings of up to one half of the
present vast need for energy in hothouses.
(18.12.2008)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
An
activating tool for students training for professions
TAMK University of Applied Sciences accomplished the
ALPO.fi welfare portal
TAMK
University of Applied Sciences accomplished the ALPO.fi welfare portal
for the promotion of the working ability of young people training for
professions. The portal provides students with information, skills and
inspiring ideas about how to care for their own working ability and
well-being. The implementation of the well-being portal was financed by
the National Board of Education, the Ministry of Education, the
European Social Fund and the Cultural and Sports Association of Finnish
Occupational Education and Training, SAKU ry.
(9.10.2008)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
A
portable measurement unit to monitor the air we breathe
Expertise on fine particles in Tampere
TAMK
University of Applied Sciences has constructed an easily movable
instrument for measuring air quality. It can be used to measure coarse,
fine and ultra fine particles moving in the air. The measurements are
made using an internationally known measuring device for fine particles
developed by the Tampere company Dekati Oy.
(8.10.2008)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Getting
more publicity for UAS research ideas
The best ones are developed into commercial products
Research-based
ideas of employees and students of the universities of applied sciences
are screened increasingly more carefully. The plan is to develop the
best of them into enterprise-based commercial operations. This kind of
work is funded by TEKES in its programme for transforming research into
business.
(7.10.2008)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
TAMK
University of Applied Sciences modelling theatrical functions
The
School of Art and Media of TAMK University of Applied Sciences is
leading cooperation by which Mikkeli and Rauma theatres are developing
their functions. The outcomes will be new space for improvisation and
creative ideas because the regular production work will be better
administrated. The theatres and their respective personnel have decided
on their own development aspects and are also sharing their development
experiences.
(18.9.2008)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Two days
to raise the wooden-framed outside walls of a building
A new option for reasonably priced individual
architecture
At Tampere
University of Applied Sciences (TAMK) a technique unique in the world
has been developed for the frame of the outside walls of wooden
buildings of any type at all. A standard sized wooden frame element for
a bearing wall allows the wooden outside wall frame of even a large
building to be put up in 1–2 days. The saving compared to
building the conventional way with “long planks” is in the
order of 1,500 to 2,000 Euros.
(30.5.2008)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Research
by Pirkanmaa University of Applied Sciences and a Japanese university
Regular Nordic Walking may reduce the risk of falls in
elderly people
Pirkanmaa
University of Applied Sciences and one Japanese university are
investigating how the structured long-term Nordic Walking exercise
program effects on mobility, balance and physical condition of the
elderly. These factors promote to instability in common daily movement
thereby increasing the risk of fall. It is well known phenomenon that
the improvement of mobility and balance prevents falls and fractures.
(17.3.2008)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Publicising
design instructions and benefits of aluminium construction
TAMK is creating a learning environment for aluminium
construction
TAMK
University of Applied Sciences is creating an illustrative,
user-friendly learning environment for the design of aluminium
structures. Using this, anyone who knows the rudiments can specialise
in the use of aluminium in the construction industry. The target is a
25 per cent increase in the use of aluminium in Finland by 2011.
(24.1.2008)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
An easier
way to convert research inventions of Pirkanmaa HEIs into business
activity
TEKES chose the Unipoli organisation to test a simpler
funding mechanism
Tampere
University of Applied Sciences and Pirkanmaa University of Applied
Sciences, the University of Tampere and Tampere University of
Technology have been given time until April to use money in a more
simple way in order to evaluate the commercialization and marketization
prospects of inventions. For example, Tampere University of Applied
Sciences is to receive 33,000 Euros from the Finnish Funding Agency for
Technology and Innovation in order to explore the business
opportunities afforded by new inventions.
(27.12.2007)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Tampere
leads in the teaching of the rudiments of programming. Final
conference in Thailand
Materials bank for teaching programming created under
the Polytechnic University of Applied Sciences
Led by the Tampere
Polytechnic University of Applied Sciences an international materials
bank has been created which goes a long way to making it easier to
learn programming. The teaching materials were produced by higher
educational institutions in various parts of the world, their
departments constituting a network. Network members can freely use the
materials in teaching; this has made it easier everywhere to learn
programming and is likely to reduce the student dropout rate.
(26.11.2007)
Read more
>>>>>
|
|
Recycling
nutrients saves the environment
Potatoes and cabbages fertilized with composted toilet
waste includes also tests for taste in Tampere
In an environmental
engineering research project of TAMK University of Applied Sciences
potatoes and cabbages fertilized with composted dry toilet waste are
taste-tested at the University of Kuopio. The fertilizer used was
source separated urine and dry toilet compost collected from private
households from Västanfjärd municipality. Prior to sowing
these were certified to be microbiologically and chemically very safe
to be used as fertilizers.
(03.09.2007)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
More
efficiency in Finnish-Russian co-operation
Cultural knowledge and interaction skills are crucial
in project work
Finnish companies can
step up their bilateral project work with Russia by improving in
advance their knowledge of the Russian culture of doing business. The
entrepreneurial financial risk is also reduced when at least one of the
Finnish representatives of the joint project team is well up on Russian
culture, the project environment and the Russian backgrounds or key
actors and the Russian language. It is an extra advantage to be aware
that at least in St. Petersburg, Moscow and elsewhere in Russia there
are distinct ways of doing project work.
(25.06.2007)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Pirkanmaa
want to raise its profile in AV and film
Small film companies gained strength on a polytechnic
development project
On a research and
development project of Tampere Polytechnic - University of Applied
Sciences small and medium-sized AV and film enterprises have learned
how to apply for funding for new scripts and film productions and to be
prepared to face copyright issues in the business, which can be tricky
at times. They have also received new decisions on funding, which
facilitates the creation of opportunities for work, especially for new
film and acting professionals qualifying in the subregion.
(11.05.2007)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Better
road safety thanks to the traffic information service developed by ICT
Turku Oy
Drivers to receive information on hazards occurring on
their routes while in transit
A traffic information
service has been developed under the leadership of ICT Turku Oy which
sends up-to-the-minute information to drivers’ mobile phones
about driving conditions, accidents, traffic jams and roadworks en
route. Drivers are also provided with a suggestion for a safer option,
and while progressing along this route, too, corresponding
up-to-the-date information is supplied. This service making road users
aware of obstacles to the free flow of traffic is internationally
uncommon.
(11.05.2007)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
An
honourable mention from the Tanzanians for Mwanza’s environmental
care
Tampere provides its twin city with support in waste
management knowhow
Practical training in
Tanzania is part of the International Degree Programme of Environmental
Engineering at the Tampere Polytechnic University of Applied Sciences
and supports in an excellent way the development of Mwanza.
Co-operation began already last year, and in May two more students will
begin their practical training there. They will provide Mwanza with in
particular with knowhow of sorting waste, composting and safe
processing of biowaste, and the economic benefits of recycling.
(10.05.2007)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Entrepreneurs
in timber harvesting and transportation are networking with each other
More holistic timber harvesting and transportation
services
The forest industry is more
interested than before in purchasing services in timber harvesting and
transportation from entrepreneurs in the form of more extensive service
packages. Entrepreneurs are responding to the challenge by upgrading
their competences and the services they offer on a development project
of Tampere Polytechnic - University of Applied Sciences. In the future
the successful entrepreneur in the forestry sector will be selling the
customer tailored services as a comprehensive entity. The developing
expertise of the entrepreneurs will serve to improve both the
international competitiveness of enterprises in the field and of the
forest sector as a whole.
(12.04.2007)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Tampere
research confirms the change:
Success in the audiovisual business means transforming
your business model
Research accomplished
at the Tampere Polytechnic University of Applied Sciences confirms that
in the next few years information technology will transform the ways of
doing business in cultural and scientific content production and
distribution. In the last ten years Internet-based information networks
have developed into easy-to-use and socially connecting media platforms
when anyone can not only be a producer of new content but also a global
distributor.
(04.04.2007)
Read more
>>>>>
|

|
From
Tampere a new opening for Finnish environmental expertise in China
Three theses are being done in an area of 110,000 dry
toilets
Three undergraduates on
the
Degree Programme in Environmental Engineering at Tampere Polytechnic
University of Applied Sciences (TAMK) are working on theses in
sustainable development in co-operation with the city of Kunming in
Yunnan Province, southern China. There the students are studying the
chances of improving environmental conditions in the humid climate on
Lake Dian area. As a part of the solution almost half of the 110,000
dry toilets are already constructed by Kunming environmental officials.
(21.03.2007)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
A special
service at the Pirkanmaa Polytechnic - University of Applied Sciences
Home structures and tools to facilitate everyday
routines are now available for trial
Pirkanmaa Polytechnic -
University of Applied Sciences (PIRAMK) has revamped its exhibition and
practice space presenting solutions intended to promote people’s
independent coping. In this exhibition space, known as ITSE, special
home structures and tools that make everyday coping easier can be seen
and tried out. Interest in services supporting independent coping has
also been expressed by PIRAMK’s international co-operation
partners.(12.02.2007)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
"One
Hundred Finnish Soundscapes" compiled for publication
"One
Hundred Finnish Soundscapes" has been published as a book and on CD - a
representative selection of meaningful Finnish soundscapes. These help
community and environmental planners to cater for sound phenomena when
creating the preconditions for people's physical and mental well-being
in an environment in touch with nature. (25.10.2006)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Higher
education institution rectors from North Africa, the Middle East and
several EU countries meet in Tampere
The Southern Mediterranean countries look for models
from Finnish higher education and business collaboration
Tampere
Polytechnic - University of Applied Sciences (TAMK) - and Spanish
university Rovira i Virgili of Tarragona are building a new framework
to enhance the intensity of teaching, research and enterprise
collaboration of higher education institutions within the southern
neighbourhood policy of the EU. The organizing institutions have
invited university and polytechnic rectors from a total of 35 countries
from the EU, North Africa and Middle East to Tampere. The North African
countries, especially, have taken an interest in familiarising
themselves with the Finnish educational system and the co-operation
that exists here between various enterprises and the higher education
institutions. (09.10.2006)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Work
by students and SMEs for an international innovation:
Manually assembled catastrophe shelter to facilitate
emergency treatment in crisis areas
Tampere
University of Applied Sciences (TAMK) has been directing development
work in which students and SMEs joined forces to produce a versatile
and lightweight catastrophe shelter which can be manually assembled. It
can be used, for example, for frontline emergency treatment. Solar
energy provides the electricity needed, heating comes from locally
available fuel, and the equipment includes tools for water
purification, solar power system and a dry toilet. Built of wooden
elements, the catastrophe shelter is a great improvement on tents for
this purpose and it can be delivered to the target area at a
competitive price.
(16.08.2006)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Being
lead-free means a challenge for the electronics industry
Salo provides an effective testing system for joints in
electronics
At
the University of Turku in Salo an effective testing system for
soldered joints has been developed to help the electronics industry. It
enables SMEs in particular to test and improve the reliability of their
electronic equipment, even in the face of the major challenge posed by
requirements for lead-free soldering. The development work on lead-free
soldering is coordinated by ICT Turku Oy.
(29.06.2006)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Making
good use of ICT in the SMEs of Southwest Finland
ICT
Turku Oy have commercialised an Enterprise ICT package for SMEs to
enable enterprises in Southwest Finland to put ICTs to good use.
Advisory services and practical surveying help to seek out the right
ICT tools for SMEs to intensify their business operations. Right from
its beginnings Enterprise ICT has achieved positive ICT investments in
SMEs.
(19.06.2006)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
Unique
development work accomplished in Hämeenlinna
Modifications to the memory-impaired person's home
facilitate safer living
The
Hämeenlinna company Sosiaalikehitys Oy is in charge of research
and development work that finds ways of making adjustments in the home
so that people with dementia can cope better. On the project a method
was created in order to tactfully ascertain sensible modifications to
the interior and changes are already being planned for the materials,
lighting and furnishings of the homes of four people with memory
problems. It is planned to make changes supporting living at home for
20 such people in the Hämeenlinna area this year. A guide book is
also in the making to facilitate planning such modifications.
(08.06.2006)
Read more
>>>>>
|
|
The
alarm call for security and care comes through easily and surely
Turku technology prolongs coping in the elderly and
increases efficiency in the care field
The
Turku company Exrei Oy have developed a wireless alarm and security and
surveillance system for the care field. This is easy to install in
order to enhance the safety of elderly and demented people both in
residential care homes and in users' own homes. The basic equipment
includes a small home support device and a safety bracelet. These are
inexpensive to acquire and the monthly payment for the system is
modest. The system relays a call for help or an alarm immediately to
the right recipient's mobile phone.
(07.06.2006)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
VTT
develops methods for efficient software testing
Testing costs for new products could even be halved
VTT
has developed methods to make software testing more efficient than
before. The methods expose software flaws ever more precisely, thus the
operating of the end product containing the software is more reliable
than before. Thanks to the new testing methods the product makes it
faster onto the market and certain testing costs could be cut by as
much as a half. Several companies will soon be introducing the new
testing methods.
(27.01.2006)
Read more
>>>>>
|
 |
VTT
technical solutions simplify decision-making in building construction
New IT methods reduce life cycle costs of buildings
In
collaboration with the British partner, the University of Reading, VTT
has brought together the best methods for supporting complex
decision-making in construction projects. Developed solutions ease the
various complex situations and help to verify end result compliance
with client requirements in advance. The process also verifies
suitability to different user groups. In building projects right
initial decisions are the key to improved functionality and performance
enabling significant cost savings during life cycle of buildings.
(22.01.2006)
Read more
>>>>>
|
|
Tampere
firm obtains utility model for a lift solution for no-lift apartment
buildings
The lift supports living at home and reduces the need
for home services and institutional accommodation
The
Tampere company Rakennustoimisto Palmberg Oy has been granted right to
a utility model they have invented to enable the installation of safe
and spacious lifts in 3-4 storey no-lift apartment blocks built in the
1960s and 1970's. Having a lift in the building makes living there much
pleasanter, and, especially in the case of the big age groups now
becoming elderly, it increases their chances of continuing to live at
home for a long time to come. A lift also enhances the value of the
property and its competitiveness on the housing markets. Palmberg have
also an international patent pending for their product protected AAP
lift type.
(20.01.2006)
Read more >>>>>
|
 |